@article{stabell_impact_2020,
	title = {The Impact of a Structured, Supervised Exercise Program on Daily Step Count in Sedentary Older Adults With and Without {HIV}},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {1944-7884},
	doi = {10.1097/QAI.0000000000002326},
	abstract = {{BACKGROUND}: People with {HIV} ({PWH}) may have lower daily activity levels compared with persons without {HIV}. We sought to determine the impact of initiating a supervised exercise program on the daily step count of sedentary {PWH} and uninfected controls.
{METHODS}: {PWH} and controls, aged 50-75, were enrolled in a 24-week supervised exercise program. All individuals were given a pedometer and instructed in regular use. A linear mixed model taking into account random effects was used to model daily step count.
{RESULTS}: Of 69 participants that began the study, 55 completed and 38 (21 {PWH}, 17 controls) had complete pedometer data. Baseline daily step count on nonsupervised exercise day was (estimated geometric mean, 95\% confidence interval) 3543 (1306 to 9099) for {PWH} and 4182 (1632 to 10,187) for controls. Both groups increased daily steps on supervised [43\% (20 to 69)\%, P {\textless} 0.001] but not unsupervised exercise days [-12\% (-24 to 1)\%, P = 0.071]. Compared with controls, {PWH} had 26\% [(-47 to 4)\%, P = 0.08] fewer daily steps on days with supervised exercise and 35\% [-53 to -10)\%, P = 0.011] fewer daily steps on days without supervised exercise. Higher body mass index (per 1 unit) and smoking were associated with fewer daily steps [-5\% (-9 to -1)\%; -49\% (-67 to -23)\%; P ≤ 0.012]. Days with precipitation [-8\% (-13 to -3)\%, P = 0.002] or below freezing [-10\% [-15 to -4)\%, P {\textless} 0.001] were associated with fewer steps.
{CONCLUSION}: Supervised exercise increased daily step counts in sedentary individuals, but at the expense of fewer steps on nonsupervised exercise days.},
	pages = {228--233},
	number = {2},
	journaltitle = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)},
	shortjournal = {J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr},
	author = {Stabell, Alex C. and Wilson, Melissa and Jankowski, Catherine M. and {MaWhinney}, Samantha and Erlandson, Kristine M.},
	date = {2020-06-01},
	pmid = {32084050},
	pmcid = {PMC7228846},
	keywords = {Aged, Humans, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior, {HIV} Infections, {HIV}-1},
	file = {Version acceptée:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\CLHLDXYL\\Stabell et al. - 2020 - The Impact of a Structured, Supervised Exercise Pr.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{dianatinasab_effects_2020,
	title = {Effects of Exercise on the Immune Function, Quality of Life, and Mental Health in {HIV}/{AIDS} Individuals},
	volume = {1228},
	issn = {0065-2598},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_28},
	abstract = {Physical exercise is a common type of planned physical activity in order to enhance or maintain a person's physical fitness. Physical exercise may act as an effective strategy to take control of certain conditions associated with {HIV}-1 infection. {HIV} infection and its related treatments not only affect the immune system but also cause several musculoskeletal disorders including pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia, myalgia, and low bone mineral density. Moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise, progressive resistance exercise, or a combination of both is considered as a complementary part of medical care and treatment of {HIV}-infected individuals. In the present chapter, the results of recent investigations regarding the effects of physical activity on muscle strength and function, mental health, and immune system of {HIV} infected individuals will be discussed.},
	pages = {411--421},
	journaltitle = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
	shortjournal = {Adv Exp Med Biol},
	author = {Dianatinasab, Mostafa and Ghahri, Simin and Dianatinasab, Aria and Amanat, Sasan and Fararouei, Mohammad},
	date = {2020},
	pmid = {32342474},
	keywords = {Humans, Quality of Life, Exercise, Mental Health, Mental health, Quality of life, {HIV} Infections, {HIV}, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, {AIDS}, Immune function},
}

@article{fillipas_effects_2010,
	title = {The effects of exercise training on metabolic and morphological outcomes for people living with {HIV}: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1528-4336},
	doi = {10.1310/hct1105-270},
	shorttitle = {The effects of exercise training on metabolic and morphological outcomes for people living with {HIV}},
	abstract = {{PURPOSE}: to determine the effects of exercise on metabolic and morphological outcomes among people with {HIV} using a systematic search strategy of randomized, controlled trials ({RCTs}).
{METHODS}: two independent reviewers assessed studies using a predetermined protocol.
{RESULTS}: nine {RCTs} (469 participants, 41\% females) of moderate quality were included. Compared to nonexercising controls, aerobic exercise ({AE}) resulted in decreased body mass index (weighted mean difference [{WMD}] -1.31; 95\% {CI}, -2.59, -0.03; n=186), triceps skinfold thickness of subcutaneous fat ({WMD} -1.83 mm; 95\% {CI},-2.36, -1.30; n=144), total body fat (\%) (standardised mean difference [{SMD}],-0.37; 95\% {CI}, -0.74, -0.01; n=118), waist circumference ({SMD} -0.74 mm, 95\% {CI}, -1.08, -0.39; n=142), and waist:hip ratio ({SMD} -0.94; 95\% {CI}, -1.30, -0.58; n=142). Progressive resistive exercise ({PRE}) resulted in increased body weight (5.09 kg; 95\% {CI}, 2.13, 8.05; n=46) and arm and thigh girth ({SMD} 1.08 cm; 95\% {CI}, 0.35, 1.82; n=46). Few studies examined blood lipids, glucose, and bone density.
{CONCLUSIONS}: few {RCTs} exist and their quality varies. {AE} decreases adiposity and may improve certain lipid subsets. {PRE} increases body weight and limb girth. No additional effects of combining {AE} and {PRE} are evident. Larger, higher quality trials are needed to understand the effects of exercise on metabolic outcomes (eg, lipids, glucose, bone density) relevant to persons with chronic, treated {HIV}.},
	pages = {270--282},
	number = {5},
	journaltitle = {{HIV} clinical trials},
	shortjournal = {{HIV} Clin Trials},
	author = {Fillipas, S. and Cherry, C. L. and Cicuttini, F. and Smirneos, L. and Holland, A. E.},
	date = {2010-10},
	pmid = {21126957},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Body Weight, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Waist Circumference, {HIV} Infections, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cholesterol, Blood Glucose, {HIV}, Triglycerides, Skinfold Thickness, Waist-Hip Ratio},
}

@article{ceccarelli_physical_2020,
	title = {Physical Activity and {HIV}: Effects on Fitness Status, Metabolism, Inflammation and Immune-Activation},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1573-3254},
	doi = {10.1007/s10461-019-02510-y},
	shorttitle = {Physical Activity and {HIV}},
	abstract = {Several studies evidenced that a sedentary lifestyle is related with higher levels of systemic inflammation and highlighted that physical activity can trigger anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the impact of self-prescribed physical activity on fitness status, metabolism, inflammation and immune-activation in people living with {HIV}, an interim analysis of the results of the clinical trial {PRIMO} ({NCT}03392805) was performed. Patients enrolled were divided in 2 groups on the basis of self-prescribed physical activity: a physically active group (self-prescribed physical activity) and a sedentary group. Physical fitness was evaluated by sport medicine specialists and related to nutritional status, anthropometric variables, adipokines levels (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), peripheral immune-activation ({CD}38, {HLA}-{DR} on {CD}4 and {CD}8), and plasma inflammatory markers ({IL}-6 and {TNF}-α). The physically active group had a better profile in anthropometric measures and aerobic fitness but did not show lower levels of immune-activation compared to sedentary group. Also serum {IL}-6, {TNF}-α, and adipokines levels showed no statistical differences. On the basis of these data, a regular self-organized physical activity seems useful to improve cardio-respiratory fitness, but unable to control {HIV}-related immune-activation.},
	pages = {1042--1050},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {{AIDS} and behavior},
	shortjournal = {{AIDS} Behav},
	author = {Ceccarelli, Giancarlo and Pinacchio, Claudia and Santinelli, Letizia and Adami, Paolo Emilio and Borrazzo, Cristian and Cavallari, Eugenio Nelson and Vullo, Annamaria and Innocenti, Giuseppe Pietro and Mezzaroma, Ivano and Mastroianni, Claudio Maria and d'Ettorre, Gabriella},
	date = {2020-04},
	pmid = {31016505},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, Biomarkers, Nutritional Status, Inflammation, Physical Fitness, Physical activity, Sedentary Behavior, Leptin, Anthropometry, {HIV} Infections, Sport, {HIV}, {HIV}-1, Interleukin-6, Metabolism, Adipokines, Adiponectin, Immune-activation, Life style, Resistin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha},
}

@article{mabweazara_physical_2018,
	title = {Physical activity, social support and socio-economic status amongst persons living with {HIV} and {AIDS}: a review},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1727-9445},
	doi = {10.2989/16085906.2018.1475400},
	shorttitle = {Physical activity, social support and socio-economic status amongst persons living with {HIV} and {AIDS}},
	abstract = {Physical activity can be used for the effective and comprehensive management of {HIV} and {AIDS}. Social support and socio-economic status ({SES}) are two factors that shape physical activity behaviours. Individuals of low {SES} carry a disproportionate burden of the {HIV} and {AIDS} epidemic. In addition, limited resources constitute socio-ecological barriers predisposing such individuals to physical inactivity. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the available literature on physical activity, social support and {SES} and to generate recommendations for designing and implementing physical activity interventions targeting people living with {HIV} and {AIDS} ({PLWHA}) of low {SES}. The review used literature from Google, Google Scholar and {PubMed} on physical activity of {PLWHA}, social support for physical activity, and {SES} and physical activity. Qualitative and quantitative studies in English were included from 1970 to 2016. The results show that social support plays a major role in promoting physical activity and counteracting the barriers to {PA} in {PLWHA} of low {SES}. The results on the role of social support and the influence of {SES} are integrated to help design appropriate physical activity interventions for {PLWHA} of low {SES}. Well-designed interventions should utilise social support and be contextualised for {PLWHA} of low {SES}, whose living conditions present multiple barriers to physical activity.},
	pages = {203--212},
	number = {2},
	journaltitle = {African journal of {AIDS} research: {AJAR}},
	shortjournal = {Afr J {AIDS} Res},
	author = {Mabweazara, Smart Z. and Ley, Clemens and Leach, Lloyd L.},
	date = {2018-07},
	pmid = {30003848},
	keywords = {Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, chronic disease, Social Support, Social Class, exercise, aerobic exercise, Epidemics, {HIV}, {HIV}/{AIDS}, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, anaerobic exercise, Economic Status},
}

@article{de_medeiros_influence_2021,
	title = {Influence of Healthy Habits Counseling on Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with {HIV}: Longitudinal Study},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {2072-6643},
	doi = {10.3390/nu13093237},
	shorttitle = {Influence of Healthy Habits Counseling on Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with {HIV}},
	abstract = {We analyze the influence of dietary counseling and physical activity on biochemical and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with {HIV}. A longitudinal experimental study, including three analyses: At the beginning, 4th month, and 8th month. A sample of 18 subjects with {HIV} of both sexes, mean age 10.4 ± 4.50 years. Usual food intake (24 h recall and food intake marker), level of habitual physical activity, biochemical parameters, resting metabolic rate, as well as body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), biological maturation, and anamnesis with clinical data and socioeconomic were evaluated. There was an effect of time on the reduction of blood glucose and triglycerides and the resting metabolic rate. There was a significant increase in fruit consumption throughout the study. The consumption of soft drinks decreased when comparing analysis periods 1 and 2, however, it increased again in analysis period 3. There was no significant effect of time on the set of variables related to a food recall. Counseling healthy habits and regular clinical follow-up were relevant for improving biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, {HDL} cholesterol), maintaining the resting metabolic rate, increasing fruit consumption, and decreasing the consumption of soft drinks, in part of the time, of children and adolescents with {HIV}. Finally, we emphasize that counseling positively influenced healthy habits, and these, in turn, improved health-related parameters.},
	pages = {3237},
	number = {9},
	journaltitle = {Nutrients},
	shortjournal = {Nutrients},
	author = {de Medeiros, Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha and da Silva, Tatiane Andreza Lima and de Oliveira, Anna Luiza Vasconcelos and de Almeida-Neto, Paulo Francisco and de Medeiros, Jason Azevedo and Bulhões-Correia, Alexandre and Micussi, Francisco Americo and Ururahy, Marcela Abbott Galvao and de Araújo Tinoco Cabral, Breno Guilherme and Dantas, Paulo Moreira Silva},
	date = {2021-09-17},
	pmid = {34579114},
	pmcid = {PMC8466268},
	keywords = {Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Adolescent, Child, physical activity, Body Composition, Counseling, Longitudinal Studies, young, nutrition, {HIV} Infections, Eating, {HIV}, {HIV}-1, Healthy Lifestyle, Diet Records},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\6E2EIVRC\\de Medeiros et al. - 2021 - Influence of Healthy Habits Counseling on Biochemi.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{safeek_low_2018,
	title = {Low Levels of Physical Activity Among Older Persons Living with {HIV}/{AIDS} Are Associated with Poor Physical Function},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {1931-8405},
	doi = {10.1089/AID.2017.0309},
	abstract = {Antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) has prolonged lives of persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS} ({PLWHA}), resulting in greater incidence of aging-related diseases and disability. Physical activity ({PA}) is recommended for healthy aging, but little is known about {PA} in older {PLWHA}. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess {PA} levels in older {PLWHA} and the associations with physical function. Twenty-one {PLWHA}, ≥50 years old, on {ART} with undetectable {HIV}-1 viral loads, wore an accelerometer to assess {PA}, including number of steps, activity intensity, and energy expenditure over 7 days. A physical function performance battery assessing aerobic capacity, strength, and gait speed was also completed. Average age was 66, and 67\% were male. An average of 3,442 (interquartile range: 4,613) steps were walked daily, with 254.9 kcals expended. Participants spent most waking hours (75\%) sedentary, with minimal hours (24\%) in light-intensity activity. Only 5 min per day (35 min per week), on average, were spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ({MVPA}). Maximal gait speed and 6-min walk test significantly correlated (p {\textless} .05) with all {PA} outcomes. Usual gait speed significantly correlated with all {PA} outcomes, except for daily kcals and light-intensity activity. Greater {PA} was associated with better physical performance, while high sedentary time was associated with poorer performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to objectively measure {PA} in older {PLWHA}. Our findings indicate that older {PLWHA} accumulate substantial sedentary time. Most (86\%) do not achieve recommended {MVPA} levels. This activity profile was associated with poor physical function. Providers should promote {PA} among {PLWHA}.},
	pages = {929--935},
	number = {11},
	journaltitle = {{AIDS} research and human retroviruses},
	shortjournal = {{AIDS} Res Hum Retroviruses},
	author = {Safeek, Rachel H. and Hall, Katherine S. and Lobelo, Felipe and Del Rio, Carlos and Khoury, Audrey L. and Wong, Tammy and Morey, Miriam C. and {McKellar}, Mehri S.},
	date = {2018-11},
	pmid = {29984584},
	pmcid = {PMC6909688},
	keywords = {Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, physical activity, aging, Accelerometry, accelerometry, {HIV} Infections, Viral Load, {HIV}, {CD}4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-{HIV} Agents, physical function},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\9N4VSIIH\\Safeek et al. - 2018 - Low Levels of Physical Activity Among Older Person.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{vancampfort_global_2018,
	title = {Global physical activity levels among people living with {HIV}: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1464-5165},
	doi = {10.1080/09638288.2016.1260645},
	shorttitle = {Global physical activity levels among people living with {HIV}},
	abstract = {{PURPOSE}: It is unclear how much physical activity people living with {HIV} ({PLWH}) engage in. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate physical activity levels and its predictors in {PLWH}.
{METHODS}: {PubMed}, {PsycARTICLES}, and {CINAHL} Plus were searched by two independent reviewers from inception till 1 April 2016 using the keywords: "{HIV}" {OR} "{AIDS}" {AND} "physical activity" {OR} "exercise" {OR} "sports". A random effects meta-analysis was conducted.
{RESULTS}: Across 24 studies including 34 physical activity levels there were 3780 (2471♂) {PLWH} (mean age range: 37-58 years). {PLWH} spent 98.9 (95\%{CI} = 64.8-133.1) minutes per day being physically active which is lower than in most other populations with chronic diseases. 50.7\% (95\%{CI} = 39.3-62\%) (n = 2052) of {PLWH} complied with the physical activity guidelines of 150 min moderate intensity physical activity per week. The number of steps walked per day in 252 {PLWH} was 5899 (95\%{CI} = 5678-6418), which is below the 10,000 steps per day recommendation.
{CONCLUSIONS}: Our data demonstrate that a considerable proportion of {PLWH} are insufficiently physically active. Future lifestyle interventions specifically targeting the prevention of physical inactivity in {PLWH} are warranted. Implications for Rehabilitation Many people living with {HIV} do not comply with general health recommendations. Physical activity counseling should be key in the rehabilitation of people living with {HIV}.},
	pages = {388--397},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {Disability and Rehabilitation},
	shortjournal = {Disabil Rehabil},
	author = {Vancampfort, Davy and Mugisha, James and De Hert, Marc and Probst, Michel and Firth, Joseph and Gorczynski, Paul and Stubbs, Brendon},
	date = {2018-02},
	pmid = {27929355},
	keywords = {Humans, Exercise, physical activity, {HIV} Infections, {HIV}, {AIDS}},
}

@article{poton_effects_2017,
	title = {Effects of resistance training in {HIV}-infected patients: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1466-447X},
	doi = {10.1080/02640414.2016.1267389},
	shorttitle = {Effects of resistance training in {HIV}-infected patients},
	abstract = {The relative effects of resistance training ({RT}) upon muscle fitness and immune function among {HIV}-infected patients are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effects of {RT} upon muscle strength, muscle mass and {CD}4 cells count and to identify potential moderators of those outcomes in {HIV}-infected patients. Meta-analyses use random or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of effect sizes, complemented with Hedge's g correction factor. Thirteen trials were meta-analysed. Overall, {RT} increased muscle strength (35.5\%, P {\textless} 0.01) and {CD}4 cell count (26.1\%, P = 0.003) versus controls (P {\textless} 0.03), but not muscle mass (P = 0.051). Meta-regression followed by subgroup moderator analysis showed that gains in muscle strength followed a dose-response pattern with largest increase detected among trials with longer (24 weeks; 49.3\%) than shorter intervention ({\textless}12 weeks; 39\%), higher (Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database [{PEDro}] scale = 6; 38.3\%) than lower ({PEDro} = 5; 28.1\%) quality, and longer (12 months; 59.7\%) than shorter time under highly active antiretroviral therapy ({HAART}) ({\textless}6 months; 37.1\%), (P {\textless} 0.01). {RT} appears to be efficacious to improve muscular strength ({\textasciitilde}35.5\%) and {CD}4 cell count ({\textasciitilde}26.1\%), but not muscle mass of {HIV}-infected patients. Effects upon strength were greater in studies with higher quality and among trials with longer {RT} and {HAART}.},
	pages = {2380--2389},
	number = {24},
	journaltitle = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
	shortjournal = {J Sports Sci},
	author = {Poton, Roberto and Polito, Marcos and Farinatti, Paulo},
	date = {2017-12},
	pmid = {28001474},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Body Mass Index, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, immune function, {HIV} Infections, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, {CD}4 Lymphocyte Count, {AIDS}, muscle fitness, research synthesis},
}

@article{vancampfort_physical_2018,
	title = {Physical activity correlates in people living with {HIV}/{AIDS}: a systematic review of 45 studies},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1464-5165},
	doi = {10.1080/09638288.2017.1306587},
	shorttitle = {Physical activity correlates in people living with {HIV}/{AIDS}},
	abstract = {{PURPOSE}: Understanding barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS} is an essential first step in order to devise effective interventions. The present review provides a systematic quantitative review of the physical activity correlates in people with {HIV}/{AIDS}.
{METHODS}: Major electronic databases were searched till August 2016. Keywords included "physical activity" or "exercise" or "sports" and "{AIDS}" or "{HIV}".
{RESULTS}: Out of 55 correlates from 45 studies (N = 13,167; mean age range = 30.5-58.3 years; 63.2\% male) five consistent (i.e., reported in four or more studies) correlates were identified. Lower levels of physical activity were consistently associated with older age (6/10 studies), a lower educational level (6/7), a lower number of {CD}4 cells/μl (7/11), exposure to antiviral therapy (4/6), and the presence of lipodystrophy (4/4). Other important barriers were the presence of bodily pain (2/2), depression (3/3), and opportunistic infections (3/4). Facilitators were a higher cardiorespiratory fitness level (3/3), a higher self-efficacy (2/2), more perceived benefits (2/2), and a better health motivation (3/3).
{CONCLUSIONS}: The current review has elucidated that participation in physical activity by people with {HIV}/{AIDS} is associated with a range of complex factors which should be considered in rehabilitation programs. Implications for Rehabilitation Health care professionals should consider {HIV}-related bodily pain and feelings of depression when assisting people living with {HIV} in inititiating and maintaining an active lifestyle. Interventions to improve self-efficacy and motivation, and to help people living with {HIV} in understanding the benefits of exercise, may encourage greater participation.},
	pages = {1618--1629},
	number = {14},
	journaltitle = {Disability and Rehabilitation},
	shortjournal = {Disabil Rehabil},
	author = {Vancampfort, Davy and Mugisha, James and Richards, Justin and De Hert, Marc and Probst, Michel and Stubbs, Brendon},
	date = {2018-07},
	pmid = {28325087},
	keywords = {Humans, Exercise, Age Factors, Physical activity, Motivation, Self Efficacy, Depression, Health Behavior, exercise, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, {HIV} Infections, Pain, {HIV}, Antiviral Agents, {CD}4 Lymphocyte Count, physiotherapy, {AIDS}, Educational Status, Lipodystrophy, Opportunistic Infections},
	file = {Version soumise:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\MDLGTMWA\\Vancampfort et al. - 2018 - Physical activity correlates in people living with.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{vancampfort_dropout_2017,
	title = {Dropout from physical activity interventions in people living with {HIV}: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {1360-0451},
	doi = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1248347},
	shorttitle = {Dropout from physical activity interventions in people living with {HIV}},
	abstract = {Physical activity ({PA}) interventions have been shown to improve the health of people living with {HIV} ({PLWH}), yet treatment dropout poses an important challenge. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of treatment dropout in {PA} interventions in {PLWH}. Electronic databases were searched for records up to September 2016. Randomized control trials of {PA} interventions in {PLWH} reporting dropout rates were included. Random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were employed. In 36 studies involving 49 {PA} intervention arms, 1128 {PLWH} were included (mean age = 41.6 years; 79.3\% male; 39\% White). The trim and fill adjusted treatment dropout rate was 29.3\% (95\% {CI} = 24.5-34.7\%). There was a significant lower dropout rate in resistance training interventions compared with aerobic (p = 0.003) {PA} interventions, in studies utilizing supervised interventions throughout the study period (p {\textless} 0.001), and in studies using adequately qualified professionals (p {\textless} 0.001). Exerciser/participant variables that moderated higher dropout rates were a lower percentage of male participants (β = 1.15, standard error ({SE}) = 0.49, z = 2.0, p = 0.048), a lower body mass index({BMI}) (β = 0.14, {SE} = 0.06, z = 2.16, p = 0.03), and a lower cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.10, {SE} = 0.04, z = 2.7, p = 0.006). The dropout from {PA} interventions is much higher in {PLWH} than in many other populations with chronic morbidities. Qualified professionals (i.e., exercise physiologists, physical educators, or physical therapists) should be incorporated as key care providers in the multidisciplinary care of {HIV}/{AIDS} and should prescribe supervised {PA} for {PLWH} in order to enhance adherence and reduce the burden of {HIV}/{AIDS}. Special attention should be given men, those with a higher {BMI}, and those with a lower cardiorespiratory fitness.},
	pages = {636--643},
	number = {5},
	journaltitle = {{AIDS} care},
	shortjournal = {{AIDS} Care},
	author = {Vancampfort, D. and Mugisha, J. and Richards, J. and De Hert, M. and Lazzarotto, A. R. and Schuch, F. B. and Probst, M. and Stubbs, B.},
	date = {2017-05},
	pmid = {27794625},
	keywords = {Humans, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Sex Factors, Resistance Training, physical activity, Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index, Patient Dropouts, exercise, {HIV} Infections, Patient Compliance, {HIV}, {AIDS}},
}

@article{chetty_physical_2021,
	title = {Physical Activity and Exercise for Older People Living with {HIV}: A Scoping Review},
	volume = {13},
	url = {https://www.dovepress.com/physical-activity-and-exercise-for-older-people-living-with-hiv-a-scop-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-HIV},
	doi = {10.2147/HIV.S336886},
	shorttitle = {Physical Activity and Exercise for Older People Living with {HIV}},
	abstract = {This review confirms the dearth of evidence on physical activity and exercise in the context of older people living with {HIV}.},
	pages = {1079--1090},
	journaltitle = {{HIV}/{AIDS} - Research and Palliative Care},
	shortjournal = {{HIV}},
	author = {Chetty, Levin and Cobbing, Saul and Chetty, Verusia},
	urldate = {2022-01-07},
	date = {2021-12-19},
	note = {Publisher: Dove Press},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\GL3Q9FQN\\Chetty et al. - 2021 - Physical Activity and Exercise for Older People Li.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\B8ASBX53\\physical-activity-and-exercise-for-older-people-living-with-hiv-a-scop-peer-reviewed-fulltext-a.html:text/html},
}

@article{katz_impact_2013,
	title = {Impact of {HIV}-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1758-2652},
	doi = {10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640},
	shorttitle = {Impact of {HIV}-related stigma on treatment adherence},
	abstract = {{INTRODUCTION}: Adherence to {HIV} antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) is a critical determinant of {HIV}-1 {RNA} viral suppression and health outcomes. It is generally accepted that {HIV}-related stigma is correlated with factors that may undermine {ART} adherence, but its relationship with {ART} adherence itself is not well established. We therefore undertook this review to systematically assess the relationship between {HIV}-related stigma and {ART} adherence.
{METHODS}: We searched nine electronic databases for published and unpublished literature, with no language restrictions. First we screened the titles and abstracts for studies that potentially contained data on {ART} adherence. Then we reviewed the full text of these studies to identify articles that reported data on the relationship between {ART} adherence and either {HIV}-related stigma or serostatus disclosure. We used the method of meta-synthesis to summarize the findings from the qualitative studies.
{RESULTS}: Our search protocol yielded 14,854 initial records. After eliminating duplicates and screening the titles and abstracts, we retrieved the full text of 960 journal articles, dissertations and unpublished conference abstracts for review. We included 75 studies conducted among 26,715 {HIV}-positive persons living in 32 countries worldwide, with less representation of work from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Among the 34 qualitative studies, our meta-synthesis identified five distinct third-order labels through an inductive process that we categorized as themes and organized in a conceptual model spanning intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural levels. {HIV}-related stigma undermined {ART} adherence by compromising general psychological processes, such as adaptive coping and social support. We also identified psychological processes specific to {HIV}-positive persons driven by predominant stigmatizing attitudes and which undermined adherence, such as internalized stigma and concealment. Adaptive coping and social support were critical determinants of participants' ability to overcome the structural and economic barriers associated with poverty in order to successfully adhere to {ART}. Among the 41 quantitative studies, 24 of 33 cross-sectional studies (71\%) reported a positive finding between {HIV} stigma and {ART} non-adherence, while 6 of 7 longitudinal studies (86\%) reported a null finding (Pearson's χ (2)=7.7; p=0.005).
{CONCLUSIONS}: We found that {HIV}-related stigma compromised participants' abilities to successfully adhere to {ART}. Interventions to reduce stigma should target multiple levels of influence (intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural) in order to have maximum effectiveness on improving {ART} adherence.},
	pages = {18640},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {Journal of the International {AIDS} Society},
	shortjournal = {J Int {AIDS} Soc},
	author = {Katz, Ingrid T. and Ryu, Annemarie E. and Onuegbu, Afiachukwu G. and Psaros, Christina and Weiser, Sheri D. and Bangsberg, David R. and Tsai, Alexander C.},
	date = {2013-11-13},
	pmid = {24242258},
	pmcid = {PMC3833107},
	keywords = {Humans, stigma, Discrimination, Psychological, {HIV} Infections, Medication Adherence, {HIV}, social support, Anti-Retroviral Agents, adherence, disclosure, poverty, Social Stigma},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\GL7JUW9V\\Katz et al. - 2013 - Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherenc.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{jaggers_health_2014,
	title = {Health Benefits of Exercise for People Living With {HIV}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1559-8276},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6124952/},
	doi = {10.1177/1559827614538750},
	abstract = {With life expectancy increasing and the symptomatology of {HIV} being altered since the advent of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}), we now have begun to see metabolic changes with negative implications among people living with {HIV}/{AIDS} ({PLWHA}). Some of these changes include increased blood lipids, central fat accumulation, lipodystrophy, and decreased aerobic capacity. All of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. A common practice among healthy and other clinical populations to help modify these risk factors is some form of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both. It has been demonstrated that {PLWHA} could respond in a similar manner, which in turn may enhance life expectancy and/or quality of life. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the evidence of health benefits of routine exercise training among {PLWHA} since the advent of {ART}. Although limited in strength because of small sample sizes and limited intervention durations, there is overall consistency in the general findings. An overview of the findings would indicate that physical activity and exercise are both safe and effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic profile, and quality of life among {PLWHA}.},
	pages = {184--192},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine},
	shortjournal = {Am J Lifestyle Med},
	author = {Jaggers, Jason R. and Hand, Gregory A.},
	urldate = {2022-01-07},
	date = {2014-06-16},
	pmid = {30202273},
	pmcid = {PMC6124952},
	file = {PubMed Central Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\6CMT2XA8\\Jaggers et Hand - 2014 - Health Benefits of Exercise for People Living With.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{maartens_hiv_2014,
	title = {{HIV} infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention},
	volume = {384},
	issn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X},
	url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60164-1/abstract},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60164-1},
	shorttitle = {{HIV} infection},
	abstract = {{\textless}h2{\textgreater}Summary{\textless}/h2{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}{HIV} prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living longer, although new infections decreased from 3·3 million in 2002, to 2·3 million in 2012. Global {AIDS}-related deaths peaked at 2·3 million in 2005, and decreased to 1·6 million by 2012. An estimated 9·7 million people in low-income and middle-income countries had started antiretroviral therapy by 2012. New insights into the mechanisms of latent infection and the importance of reservoirs of infection might eventually lead to a cure. The role of immune activation in the pathogenesis of non-{AIDS} clinical events (major causes of morbidity and mortality in people on antiretroviral therapy) is receiving increased recognition. Breakthroughs in the prevention of {HIV} important to public health include male medical circumcision, antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral therapy in people with {HIV} to prevent transmission, and antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Research into other prevention interventions, notably vaccines and vaginal microbicides, is in progress.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	pages = {258--271},
	number = {9939},
	journaltitle = {The Lancet},
	shortjournal = {The Lancet},
	author = {Maartens, Gary and Celum, Connie and Lewin, Sharon R.},
	urldate = {2022-01-07},
	date = {2014-07-19},
	pmid = {24907868},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\5A63US49\\PIIS0140-6736(14)60164-1.html:text/html},
}

@article{mu_hiv_2021,
	title = {{HIV} {mRNA} Vaccines-Progress and Future Paths},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2076-393X},
	doi = {10.3390/vaccines9020134},
	abstract = {The {SARS}-{CoV}-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on {mRNA} encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles ({LNPs}). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an {mRNA}-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. {mRNA}-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss {mRNA}-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to {HIV}. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to {HIV}. Lastly, we outline an {mRNA}-based {HIV} vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.},
	pages = {134},
	number = {2},
	journaltitle = {Vaccines},
	shortjournal = {Vaccines (Basel)},
	author = {Mu, Zekun and Haynes, Barton F. and Cain, Derek W.},
	date = {2021-02-07},
	pmid = {33562203},
	pmcid = {PMC7915550},
	keywords = {vaccine, {HIV}, messenger {RNA}},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\LBWCZ4YQ\\Mu et al. - 2021 - HIV mRNA Vaccines-Progress and Future Paths.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{morris_mrna_2021,
	title = {{mRNA} vaccines offer hope for {HIV}},
	volume = {27},
	rights = {2021 Springer Nature America, Inc.},
	issn = {1546-170X},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01602-4},
	doi = {10.1038/s41591-021-01602-4},
	abstract = {{mRNA} technology may be uniquely positioned to tackle a major hurdle for {HIV} vaccines: the elicitation of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. A preclinical study takes the first step toward this goal.},
	pages = {2082--2084},
	number = {12},
	journaltitle = {Nature Medicine},
	shortjournal = {Nat Med},
	author = {Morris, Lynn},
	urldate = {2022-01-07},
	date = {2021-12},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Bandiera\_abtest: a
Cg\_type: Nature Research Journals
Number: 12
Primary\_atype: News \& Views
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Subject\_term: {HIV} infections;Preclinical research;{RNA} vaccines
Subject\_term\_id: hiv-infections;pre-clinical-studies;rna-vaccines},
	keywords = {{HIV} infections, Preclinical research, {RNA} vaccines},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\T54NB8L9\\Morris - 2021 - mRNA vaccines offer hope for HIV.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\QEKA99BA\\s41591-021-01602-4.html:text/html},
}

@article{maartens_hiv_2014-1,
	title = {{HIV} infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention},
	volume = {384},
	issn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X},
	url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60164-1/abstract},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60164-1},
	shorttitle = {{HIV} infection},
	abstract = {{\textless}h2{\textgreater}Summary{\textless}/h2{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}{HIV} prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living longer, although new infections decreased from 3·3 million in 2002, to 2·3 million in 2012. Global {AIDS}-related deaths peaked at 2·3 million in 2005, and decreased to 1·6 million by 2012. An estimated 9·7 million people in low-income and middle-income countries had started antiretroviral therapy by 2012. New insights into the mechanisms of latent infection and the importance of reservoirs of infection might eventually lead to a cure. The role of immune activation in the pathogenesis of non-{AIDS} clinical events (major causes of morbidity and mortality in people on antiretroviral therapy) is receiving increased recognition. Breakthroughs in the prevention of {HIV} important to public health include male medical circumcision, antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral therapy in people with {HIV} to prevent transmission, and antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Research into other prevention interventions, notably vaccines and vaginal microbicides, is in progress.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	pages = {258--271},
	number = {9939},
	journaltitle = {The Lancet},
	shortjournal = {The Lancet},
	author = {Maartens, Gary and Celum, Connie and Lewin, Sharon R.},
	urldate = {2022-01-07},
	date = {2014-07-19},
	pmid = {24907868},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\TLLRBNBY\\PIIS0140-6736(14)60164-1.html:text/html},
}

@article{rodger_risk_2019,
	title = {Risk of {HIV} transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the {HIV}-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy ({PARTNER}): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study},
	volume = {393},
	issn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X},
	url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)30418-0/fulltext?utm_content=90768463&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-27013292},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0},
	shorttitle = {Risk of {HIV} transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the {HIV}-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy ({PARTNER})},
	pages = {2428--2438},
	number = {10189},
	journaltitle = {The Lancet},
	shortjournal = {The Lancet},
	author = {Rodger, Alison J. and Cambiano, Valentina and Bruun, Tina and Vernazza, Pietro and Collins, Simon and Degen, Olaf and Corbelli, Giulio Maria and Estrada, Vicente and Geretti, Anna Maria and Beloukas, Apostolos and Raben, Dorthe and Coll, Pep and Antinori, Andrea and Nwokolo, Nneka and Rieger, Armin and Prins, Jan M. and Blaxhult, Anders and Weber, Rainer and Eeden, Arne Van and Brockmeyer, Norbert H. and Clarke, Amanda and Guerrero, Jorge del Romero and Raffi, Francois and Bogner, Johannes R. and Wandeler, Gilles and Gerstoft, Jan and Gutiérrez, Felix and Brinkman, Kees and Kitchen, Maria and Ostergaard, Lars and Leon, Agathe and Ristola, Matti and Jessen, Heiko and Stellbrink, Hans-Jürgen and Phillips, Andrew N. and Lundgren, Jens and Coll, Pep and Cobarsi, Patricia and Nieto, Aroa and Meulbroek, Michael and Carrillo, Antonia and Saz, Jorge and Guerrero, Jorge D. R. and García, Mar Vera and Gutiérrez, Felix and Masiá, Mar and Robledano, Catalina and Leon, Agathe and Leal, Lorna and Redondo, Eva G. and Estrada, Vicente P. and Marquez, Rocio and Sandoval, Raquel and Viciana, Pompeyo and Espinosa, Nuria and Lopez-Cortes, Luis and Podzamczer, Daniel and Tiraboschi, Juan and Morenilla, Sandra and Antela, Antonio and Losada, Elena and Nwokolo, Nneka and Sewell, Janey and Clarke, Amanda and Kirk, Sarah and Knott, Alyson and Rodger, Alison J. and Fernandez, Thomas and Gompels, Mark and Jennings, Louise and Ward, Lana and Fox, Julie and Lwanga, Julianne and Lee, Ming and Gilson, Richard and Leen, Clifford and Morris, Sheila and Clutterbuck, Dan and Brady, Michael and Asboe, David and Fedele, Serge and Fidler, Sarah and Brockmeyer, Norbert and Potthoff, Anja and Skaletz-Rorowski, Adriane and Bogner, Johannes and Seybold, Ulrich and Roider, Julia and Jessen, Heiko and Jessen, Arne and Ruzicic, Slobodan and Stellbrink, Hans-Jürgen and Kümmerle, Tim and Lehmann, Clara and Degen, Olaf and Bartel, Sindy and Hüfner, Anja and Rockstroh, Jürgen and Mohrmann, Karina and Boesecke, Christoph and Krznaric, Ivanka and Ingiliz, Patrick and Weber, Rainer and Grube, Christina and Braun, Dominique and Günthard, Huldrych and Wandeler, Gilles and Furrer, Hansjakob and Rauch, Andri and Vernazza, Pietro and Schmid, Patrick and Rasi, Manuela and Borso, Denise and Stratmann, Markus and Caviezel, Oliver and Stoeckle, Marcel and Battegay, Manuel and Tarr, Philip and Christinet, Vanessa and Jouinot, Florent and Isambert, Camille and Bernasconi, Enos and Bernasconi, Beatrice and Gerstoft, Jan and Jensen, Lene P. and Bayer, Anne A. and Ostergaard, Lars and Yehdego, Yordanos and Bach, Ann and Handberg, Pia and Kronborg, Gitte and Pedersen, Svend s and Bülow, Nete and Ramskover, Bente and Ristola, Matti and Debnam, Outi and Sutinen, Jussi and Blaxhult, Anders and Ask, Ronnie and Hildingsson-Lundh, Bernt and Westling, Katarina and Frisen, Eeva-Maija and Cortney, Gráinne and O'Dea, Siobhan and Wit, Stephane De and Necsoi, Coca and Vandekerckhove, Linos and Goffard, Jean-Christophe and Henrard, Sophie and Prins, Jan and Nobel, Hans-Henrik and Weijsenfeld, Annouschka and Eeden, Arne Van and Elsenburg, Loek and Brinkman, Kees and Vos, Danielle and Hoijenga, Imke and Gisolf, Elisabeth and Bentum, Petra Van and Verhagen, Dominique and Raffi, Francois and Billaud, Eric and Ohayon, Michel and Gosset, Daniel and Fior, Alexandre and Pialoux, Gilles and Thibaut, Pelagie and Chas, Julie and Leclercq, Vincent and Pechenot, Vincent and Coquelin, Vincent and Pradier, Christian and Breaud, Sophie and Touzeau-Romer, Veronique and Rieger, Armin and Geit, Maria Kitchen-Maria and Sarcletti, Mario and Gisinger, Martin and Oellinger, Angela and Antinori, Andrea and Menichetti, Samanta and Bini, Teresa and Mussini, Cristina and Meschiari, Marianna and Biagio, Antonio Di and Taramasso, Lucia and Celesia, Benedetto M. and Gussio, Maria and Janeiro, Nuno},
	urldate = {2022-01-12},
	date = {2019-06-15},
	pmid = {31056293},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\EDDTL3Z6\\Rodger et al. - 2019 - Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\XCAZTEUK\\fulltext.html:text/html},
}

@article{gomes_neto_effects_2015,
	title = {Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Exercise Capacity, Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in {HIV}-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0138066},
	shorttitle = {Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Exercise Capacity, Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in {HIV}-Infected Patients},
	abstract = {{BACKGROUND}: Many {HIV}-infected patients demonstrate disability and lower aerobic capacity. The inclusion of resistance training combined with aerobic exercise in a single program is known as combined aerobic and resistance exercise ({CARE}) and seems to be an effective strategy to improve muscle weakness, as well as aerobic capacity in {HIV}-infected patients. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of {CARE} in {HIV}-infected patients.
{METHODS}: We searched {MEDLINE}, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, {EMBASE}, {CINAHL} (from the earliest date available to august 2014) for controlled trials that evaluated the effects of {CARE} in {HIV}-infected patients. Weighted mean differences ({WMD}) and 95\% confidence intervals ({CIs}) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.
{RESULTS}: Seven studies met the study criteria. {CARE} resulted in improvement in Peak {VO}2 {WMD} (4.48 {mL}·kg-1·min-1 95\% {CI}: 2.95 to 6.0), muscle strength of the knee extensors {WMD} (25.06 Kg 95\% {CI}: 10.46 to 39.66) and elbow flexors {WMD} (4.44 Kg 95\% {CI}: 1.22 to 7.67) compared with no exercise group. The meta-analyses also showed significant improvement in Health status, Energy/Vitality and physical function domains of quality of life for participants in the {CARE} group compared with no exercise group. A nonsignificant improvement in social function domain of quality of life was found for participants in the {CARE} group compared with no exercise group.
{CONCLUSIONS}: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise may improve peak {VO}2, muscle strength and health status, energy and physical function domains of quality of life and should be considered as a component of care of {HIV}-infected individuals.},
	pages = {e0138066},
	number = {9},
	journaltitle = {{PloS} One},
	shortjournal = {{PLoS} One},
	author = {Gomes Neto, Mansueto and Conceição, Cristiano Sena and Oliveira Carvalho, Vitor and Brites, Carlos},
	date = {2015},
	pmid = {26378794},
	pmcid = {PMC4574781},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Muscle Strength, Exercise Tolerance, Resistance Training, Health Status, Oxygen, {HIV} Infections},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\A47LHLLK\\Gomes Neto et al. - 2015 - Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercis.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{simpson_exercise_2015,
	title = {Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1878-0814},
	doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.08.001},
	abstract = {Exercise has a profound effect on the normal functioning of the immune system. It is generally accepted that prolonged periods of intensive exercise training can depress immunity, while regular moderate intensity exercise is beneficial. Single bouts of exercise evoke a striking leukocytosis and a redistribution of effector cells between the blood compartment and the lymphoid and peripheral tissues, a response that is mediated by increased hemodynamics and the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids following the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Single bouts of prolonged exercise may impair T-cell, {NK}-cell, and neutrophil function, alter the Type I and Type {II} cytokine balance, and blunt immune responses to primary and recall antigens in vivo. Elite athletes frequently report symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections ({URTI}) during periods of heavy training and competition that may be due to alterations in mucosal immunity, particularly reductions in secretory immunoglobulin A. In contrast, single bouts of moderate intensity exercise are "immuno-enhancing" and have been used to effectively increase vaccine responses in "at-risk" patients. Improvements in immunity due to regular exercise of moderate intensity may be due to reductions in inflammation, maintenance of thymic mass, alterations in the composition of "older" and "younger" immune cells, enhanced immunosurveillance, and/or the amelioration of psychological stress. Indeed, exercise is a powerful behavioral intervention that has the potential to improve immune and health outcomes in the elderly, the obese, and patients living with cancer and chronic viral infections such as {HIV}.},
	pages = {355--380},
	journaltitle = {Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science},
	shortjournal = {Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci},
	author = {Simpson, Richard J. and Kunz, Hawley and Agha, Nadia and Graff, Rachel},
	date = {2015},
	pmid = {26477922},
	keywords = {Humans, Exercise, Animals, Models, Biological, Stress response, Athletes, Immunity, Immunosenescence, Cytokines, Cell Count, Acute exercise, Chronic exercise, Infection history, Leukocyte redistribution, Leukocytes, Mucosal immunity, Nutritional status, Vaccine response, Viral reactivation},
}

@article{medeiros_quality_2017,
	title = {Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and physical exercise in persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS}},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {1518-8787},
	doi = {10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006266},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To analyze whether socioeconomic and clinical aspects and the aspects of healthy life habits are associated with the quality of life of persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS}.
{METHODS}: This is a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative research, with 227 persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS}, treated at two hospitals of reference between April 2012 and June 2014. We used structured questionnaires to assess socioeconomic aspects (gender, age, education level, marital status, race, socioeconomic status, dependents on family income, employment relationship), clinical parameters (time of disease diagnosis, use and time of medication, {CD}4 T-cell count, and viral load), and practice of physical exercise. To assess quality of life, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire ({HAT}-{QoL}). For characterization of the socioeconomic and clinical data and domains of quality of life, we conducted a descriptive analysis (simple frequency, averages, and standard deviations). We applied linear regression, following a hierarchical model for each domain of quality of life.
{RESULTS}: The domains that presented lower averages for quality of life were financial concern, concern with confidentiality, general function, and satisfaction with life. We found associations with the variables of socioeconomic status and physical exercise, therapy, and physical exercise for the last two domains, consecutively.
{CONCLUSIONS}: The quality of life of persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS} shows losses, especially in the financial and confidentiality areas, followed by general function of the body and satisfaction with life, in which socioeconomic and clinical aspects and healthy living habits, such as the practice of physical exercise, are determining factors for this reality.
{OBJETIVO}: Analisar se aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e de hábitos de vida saudável estão associados à qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com {HIV}/aids.
{MÉTODOS}: Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória de corte transversal, com 227 pessoas vivendo com {HIV}/aids, atendidos em dois hospitais de referência entre os períodos de abril 2012 a junho de 2014. Foram utilizados questionários estruturados para avaliar aspectos socioeconômicos (sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, cor de pele, status socioeconômico, dependentes da renda familiar, vínculo empregatício), parâmetros clínicos (tempo de diagnóstico da doença, uso e tempo de medicação, contagem de células {TCD}4 e carga viral) e prática de exercício físico. Para avaliar qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário Quality of Life ({HAT}-{QoL}). Para caracterização dos dados socioeconômicos, clínicos e domínios da qualidade de vida, conduzimos análise descritiva (frequência simples, médias e desvios-padrão). Aplicamos regressão linear, seguindo um modelo hierárquico para cada domínio da qualidade de vida.
{RESULTADOS}: Os domínios que apresentaram menores médias para a qualidade de vida foram preocupação financeira, preocupação com sigilo, função geral e satisfação com a vida. Foram encontradas associações com as variáveis status socioeconômico e exercício físico; terapia; e exercício físico para os dois últimos domínios, consecutivamente.
{CONCLUSÕES}: A qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com {HIV}/aids apresentam prejuízos, principalmente nas questões financeiras e de sigilo, seguidos da função geral do corpo e satisfações com a vida, em que os aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e hábitos de vida saudável, como a prática de exercício físico, são fatores determinantes para essa realidade.},
	pages = {66},
	journaltitle = {Revista De Saude Publica},
	shortjournal = {Rev Saude Publica},
	author = {Medeiros, Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de and Medeiros, Jason Azevedo de and Silva, Tatiane Andreza Lima da and Andrade, Ricardo Dias de and Medeiros, Danielle Coutinho de and Araújo, Juliany de Souza and Oliveira, Antônio Manuel Gouveia de and Costa, Marcos Aurélio de Albuquerque and Dantas, Paulo Moreira Silva},
	date = {2017-07-20},
	pmid = {28746573},
	pmcid = {PMC5510782},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Exercise, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Brazil, Viral Load, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, {CD}4 Lymphocyte Count, {HIV} Long-Term Survivors},
	file = {Texte intégral:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\XJXFGM3Y\\Medeiros et al. - 2017 - Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factor.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@online{noauthor_physical_nodate,
	title = {Physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health for adults living with {HIV} - {PubMed}},
	url = {https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezpum.biu-montpellier.fr/32014512/},
	urldate = {2022-01-17},
	file = {Physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health for adults living with HIV - PubMed:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\SCNW4U63\\32014512.html:text/html},
}

@article{gray_perceived_2021,
	title = {Perceived barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in people living with {HIV}: A qualitative study in a French sample},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1745-9206},
	doi = {10.1177/1742395319826638},
	shorttitle = {Perceived barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in people living with {HIV}},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVES}: The benefits of physical activity in people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}) are numerous and are largely reported in the literature. Understanding why {PLHIV} engage or not in physical activity is key to better accompanying health behaviors. Through a qualitative approach, our study sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of physical activity participation in {PLHIV}.
{METHODS}: {PLHIV} were recruited by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried-out in Center and Southern France. The data were analyzed following the principals of thematic analysis. Physical activity level was assessed through questions related to physical activity recommendations and a physical activity questionnaire.
{RESULTS}: Fifteen semi-structured interviews (seven men and eight women; Mage = 46.6; {SD} = 10.3) were analyzed. Only a third of our sample was considered physically active with almost half being considered inactive according to recommendations. A multidimensional perspective of physical activity barriers and facilitators emerged. Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity were related to the physical, psychological and socio-environmental domains.
{DISCUSSION}: Our research sought to better understand the beliefs and attitudes of {PLHIV} towards physical activity. Physical activity was overall viewed as beneficial by both active and less active {PLHIV}; however, {PLHIV} remain insufficiently active. This is discussed through our multidimensional approach of the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity.},
	pages = {111--128},
	number = {2},
	journaltitle = {Chronic Illness},
	shortjournal = {Chronic Illn},
	author = {Gray, Laura and Schuft, Laura and Bergamaschi, Alessandro and Filleul, Valentine and Colson, Serge S. and d'Arripe-Longueville, Fabienne},
	date = {2021-06},
	pmid = {30808204},
	keywords = {Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, Qualitative Research, Physical activity, Health Behavior, self-efficacy, fatigue, {HIV} Infections, social support, attitudes},
}

@article{vancampfort_physical_2018-1,
	title = {Physical activity correlates in people living with {HIV}/{AIDS}: a systematic review of 45 studies},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1464-5165},
	doi = {10.1080/09638288.2017.1306587},
	shorttitle = {Physical activity correlates in people living with {HIV}/{AIDS}},
	abstract = {{PURPOSE}: Understanding barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in persons living with {HIV}/{AIDS} is an essential first step in order to devise effective interventions. The present review provides a systematic quantitative review of the physical activity correlates in people with {HIV}/{AIDS}.
{METHODS}: Major electronic databases were searched till August 2016. Keywords included "physical activity" or "exercise" or "sports" and "{AIDS}" or "{HIV}".
{RESULTS}: Out of 55 correlates from 45 studies (N = 13,167; mean age range = 30.5-58.3 years; 63.2\% male) five consistent (i.e., reported in four or more studies) correlates were identified. Lower levels of physical activity were consistently associated with older age (6/10 studies), a lower educational level (6/7), a lower number of {CD}4 cells/μl (7/11), exposure to antiviral therapy (4/6), and the presence of lipodystrophy (4/4). Other important barriers were the presence of bodily pain (2/2), depression (3/3), and opportunistic infections (3/4). Facilitators were a higher cardiorespiratory fitness level (3/3), a higher self-efficacy (2/2), more perceived benefits (2/2), and a better health motivation (3/3).
{CONCLUSIONS}: The current review has elucidated that participation in physical activity by people with {HIV}/{AIDS} is associated with a range of complex factors which should be considered in rehabilitation programs. Implications for Rehabilitation Health care professionals should consider {HIV}-related bodily pain and feelings of depression when assisting people living with {HIV} in inititiating and maintaining an active lifestyle. Interventions to improve self-efficacy and motivation, and to help people living with {HIV} in understanding the benefits of exercise, may encourage greater participation.},
	pages = {1618--1629},
	number = {14},
	journaltitle = {Disability and Rehabilitation},
	shortjournal = {Disabil Rehabil},
	author = {Vancampfort, Davy and Mugisha, James and Richards, Justin and De Hert, Marc and Probst, Michel and Stubbs, Brendon},
	date = {2018-07},
	pmid = {28325087},
	keywords = {Humans, Exercise, Age Factors, Physical activity, Motivation, Self Efficacy, Depression, Health Behavior, exercise, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, {HIV} Infections, Pain, {HIV}, Antiviral Agents, {CD}4 Lymphocyte Count, physiotherapy, {AIDS}, Educational Status, Lipodystrophy, Opportunistic Infections},
	file = {Version soumise:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\VVIWC3Q4\\Vancampfort et al. - 2018 - Physical activity correlates in people living with.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{lopez_effect_2015,
	title = {The effect of exercise training on disease progression, fitness, quality of life, and mental health in people living with {HIV} on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2424-810X},
	shorttitle = {The effect of exercise training on disease progression, fitness, quality of life, and mental health in people living with {HIV} on antiretroviral therapy},
	abstract = {Background: Exercise has been associated with improvements in adverse physiological and psychological effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in people living with {HIV} ({PLWH}).
Aim: To summarizes the findings on the effects of aerobic or resistance training alone or combined aerobic and resistance exercise training ({CARET}) on disease progression, fitness, physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life ({QOL}) in {PLWH} receiving {ART}. A systematic search of articles was performed in several databases, and 20 articles that met inclusion criteria were summarized.
Relevance for patients: Aerobic exercise was associated with improvements in aerobic capacity, {QOL}, and depressive symptoms, while resistance training improved strength. {CARET} was related to improved aerobic fitness, strength, physical functioning, {QOL}, and self-efficacy. At least one of the exercise interventions resulted in improvements in {CD}4+ cell count and {HIV} {RNA} viral load. Moreover, another study showed that {HIV}-specific biomarkers remained unchanged in the exercise intervention group, while they significantly worsened in the non-exercise group. In general, in spite of their well-known benefits, exercise programs have not been extensively utilized or widely recognized as viable therapeutic treatment options for this patient population. Knowing the possible health benefits of increasing physical activity level is important to better recommend exercise programs. However, the prescription must be done carefully and on an individual basis. Additional studies investigating the efficiency and effectiveness of different exercise training regimens for {PLWH} are needed.},
	pages = {129--139},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Research},
	shortjournal = {J Clin Transl Res},
	author = {Lopez, Johanna and Richardson, Erika and Tiozzo, Eduard and Lantigua, Laura and Martinez, Camilo and Abreut, George and Prendergast, Troy and Atlas, Steven E. and Pangilinan, Andrew R. and Ferris, Serena M. and Martinez, Ana H. and Konefal, Janet and Woolger, Judi and Ray, Anna M. and Simões, Herbert G. and Campbell, Carmen S. G. and Lewis, John E.},
	date = {2015-12-30},
	pmid = {30873450},
	pmcid = {PMC6410621},
	keywords = {{HIV}/{AIDS}, aerobic and resistance exercise training, general wellbeing, immune functioning},
}

@article{vancampfort_sedentary_2017,
	title = {Sedentary Behavior in People Living With {HIV}: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1543-5474},
	doi = {10.1123/jpah.2016-0507},
	shorttitle = {Sedentary Behavior in People Living With {HIV}},
	abstract = {{BACKGROUND}: Sedentary behavior is independently associated with an increased risk of poor mental health, developing cardiovascular disease ({CVD}) and premature mortality. Despite the knowledge that {CVD} is one of the leading causes of non-{AIDS} related premature mortality in people living with {HIV} ({PLWH}), relatively little attention has been attributed to sedentary behavior in this population. The aims of this meta-analysis were to (a) establish the pooled mean time spent sedentary, (b) investigate predictors of sedentary levels, and (c) explore differences with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
{METHODS}: Two independent authors searched major databases until August 2016. A random effects meta-analysis was performed.
{RESULTS}: Across 6 unique cross-sectional studies, including 9 sedentary levels, there were 523 (292 men) {PLWH} (age range = 37 to 58 years). {PLWH} spent 533 min/day (95\% {CI} = 466 to 599) engaging in sedentary behavior. There was a trend (P = .07) for higher levels of sedentary behavior in self-report measures (551 min, 95\% {CI} = 543 to 560, N = 4) than in objective sedentary behavior time (505 min, 95\% {CI} = 498 to 512, N = 3). The time {PLWH} spend engaging in sedentary behavior is among the highest levels reported in the literature.
{CONCLUSIONS}: Given that sedentary behavior is an independent predictor of {CVD}, future lifestyle interventions specifically targeting the prevention of sedentary behavior in {PLWH} are warranted.},
	pages = {571--577},
	number = {7},
	journaltitle = {Journal of Physical Activity \& Health},
	shortjournal = {J Phys Act Health},
	author = {Vancampfort, Davy and Mugisha, James and De Hert, Marc and Probst, Michel and Stubbs, Brendon},
	date = {2017-07},
	pmid = {28290767},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, physical activity, chronic disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sedentary Behavior, {HIV} Infections, sitting},
}

@article{korencak_effect_nodate,
	title = {Effect of {HIV} infection and antiretroviral therapy on immune cellular functions},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2379-3708},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6629105/},
	doi = {10.1172/jci.insight.126675},
	abstract = {During chronic {HIV} infection, immune cells become increasingly dysfunctional and exhausted. Little is known about how immune functions are restored after initiation of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}). In this study, we assessed cellular and metabolic activity and evaluated the effect of individual antiretrovirals on cellular subsets ex vivo in {ART}-treated and treatment-naive chronically {HIV}-infected individuals. We observed that cellular respiration was significantly decreased in most immune cells in chronic {HIV} infection. The respiration was correlated to immune activation and the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 on {CD}8+ T cells. {ART} restored the metabolic phenotype, but the respiratory impairment persisted in {CD}4+ T cells. This was particularly the case for individuals receiving integrase strand transfer inhibitors. {CD}4+ T cells from these individuals showed a significant reduction in ex vivo proliferative capacity compared with individuals treated with protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We noticed a significant decrease in respiration of cells treated with dolutegravir ({DLG}) or elvitegravir ({EVG}) and a switch from polyfunctional to {TNF}-α–dominated “stress” immune response. There was no effect on glycolysis, consistent with impaired mitochondrial function. We detected increased levels of mitochondrial {ROS} and mitochondrial mass. These findings indicate that {EVG} and {DLG} use is associated with slow proliferation and impaired respiration with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in overall decreased cellular function in {CD}4+ T cells., Long term use of integrase inhibitors may lead to a loss of immune cellular functions, exhaustion, and low cellular metabolism.},
	pages = {e126675},
	number = {12},
	journaltitle = {{JCI} Insight},
	shortjournal = {{JCI} Insight},
	author = {Korencak, Marek and Byrne, Morgan and Richter, Enrico and Schultz, Bruce T. and Juszczak, Patrick and Ake, Julie A. and Ganesan, Anuradha and Okulicz, Jason F. and Robb, Merlin L. and de los Reyes, Buena and Winning, Sandra and Fandrey, Joachim and Burgess, Timothy H. and Esser, Stefan and Michael, Nelson L. and Agan, Brian K. and Streeck, Hendrik},
	urldate = {2022-01-31},
	pmid = {31217351},
	pmcid = {PMC6629105},
	file = {PubMed Central Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Louis Hognon\\Zotero\\storage\\A53SGCVQ\\Korencak et al. - Effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy.pdf:application/pdf},
}